How do search engine work?

Search engines are the key to finding specific information on the vast expanse of the World Wide Web. Without sophisticated search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the Web without knowing a specific URL. But do you know how search engines work? And do you know what makes some search engines more effective than others? When people use the term search engine in relation to the Web, they are usually referring to the actual search forms that searches through databases of HTML documents, initially gathered by a robot. There are basically three types of search engines: Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two. Sponsored Download: BlackBerry Enterprise Server Express:  Download: BlackBerry Enterprise Server Express Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine. Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index.

In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information, you're actually searching through the index that the search engine has created —you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index hasn't been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine treats the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated.

So why will the same search on different search engines produce different results? Part of the answer to that question is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted. But more important, not every search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the relevance of the information in the index to what the user is searching for.

One of the elements that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with higher frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known as keyword stuffing, or spamdexing.

Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that page is considered "important" and deserving of a boost in ranking. Just as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking.

Did You Know... The first tool for searching the Internet, created in 1990, was called "Archie". It downloaded directory listings of all files located on public anonymous FTP servers; creating a searchable database of filenames. A year later "Gopher" was created. It indexed plain text documents. "Veronica" and "Jughead" came along to search Gopher's index systems. The first actual Web search engine was developed by Matthew Gray in 1993 and was called "Wandex". [Source ]

Webopedia: Internet and Online Services > Internet > World Wide Web > Search Engines

Key Terms To Understanding Web Search Engines spider trap A condition of dynamic Web sites in which a search engine’s spider becomes trapped in an endless loop of code. search engine A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. meta tag A special HTML tag that provides information about a Web page. deep link A hyperlink either on a Web page or in the results of a search engine query to a page on a Web site other than the site’s home page. robot A program that runs automatically without human intervention.

http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2003/HowWebSearchEnginesWork.asp

chapter5

2. Go to the library website; search for the bibliographic of database book in the library catalog (OPAC = Online Public Access Catalog)

04/10/2010

What is the internet?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allow person-to-person communication via voice and video.

2)What is Internet protocal?

Internet protocol is the language that computers use to communicate over the internet. A protocol is pre-drfined way that someone who wants to use a service talk with that service.
3)What is OSI model?
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at the International Organization for Standardization. It is a way of sub-dividing a communications system into smaller parts called layers. A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. On each layer an instance provides services to the instances at the layer above and requests service from the layer below.
For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that make up the contents of the path. Conceptually two instances at one layer are connected by a horizontal protocol connection on that layer.
4)What is internet Infrastructure

The internet backbone made up of many large networks which interconnect with each other.
5)What is domain name?

Domain name is DNS or domain name service which is a distributed database which keeps track of computer names and thier corresponding up addresses on the internet.
6)what is world wide web and its service.
computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol
7)How many internet users in Thailand?
18,300,000 In year 2009

Topic report

The Quality Of Our Teacher

By

Ms. Mingkwan Boonrod ID. 51069335

Ms. Chittima Khamdee   ID. 51069448

Present to

Dr. Namtip Wipawan

Sripatum University  2/2010

Introduction

In this report you will find the information about the quantity and quality of our teachers. What is the effectively of the teacher quality to the education level in the country and how to improve the quality of our teacher

Conten
   page

The quality of our teacher.                                                              1

Thailand still has too few teachers. What should be done to        1  
remedy this grave problem?                                                         

What three things are needed to get higher-quality teachers?      1

Is it possible to increase teacher salaries?                                  1

To achieve optimum results, how should teachers be retrained?2

In your opinion, how can teachers become high-level                  2 
professionals?                                                                               

Would a more elaborate licensing scheme solve the problem?    2

Should Thailand develop its own teaching methods like other      2
countries?
Summary                                                                                          7
REFERENCE                                                                                     8

 The quality of our teacher has been to of the list of must do thing to improve Thailand’s declining education standard.
Thailand still has too few teachers. What should be done to remedy this grave problem?
The Ministry of Education (MOE) has approved 30,000 scholarships for students to study education, going to assist the Office of Higher Education Commission to select colleges that best suit the specific needs of the teacher candidates.
They are going to assess the education faculties all over the country and pick the best ones for producing teachers in each field. For English teachers, for example, They are going to identify education faculties that produce the best English teachers. They will enrol students interested in becoming English teachers there.
The problem is not that we lack enough teacher graduates; the problem is that many of the teacher-graduates lack the required standards to teach.
Each year, 2,000 to 3,000 people are trained in each subject. This is more than sufficient. But often, they do not want to pursue a teaching career.
What three things are needed to get higher-quality teachers?
Number one, scholarships have to be provided. Next, we have to use the ''demand-side'' approach and a closed system for producing teachers, which means that if 5,000 teachers are required each year, 5,000 people who live in the areas that are short of teachers should be given scholarships, trained to be teachers and sent back to teach in their hometowns.
Finally, we need to reform teacher education. This can be done right away. For example, we can invite good and skilled people to become faculty members and train them to teach and to carry out research projects. We need a new public institution dedicated to teacher education and improving teacher quality. This will encourage people to become quality educators.
Is it possible to increase teacher salaries?
It is very difficult to increase the salaries of every teacher. It is better to associate salary increases with specific career paths and professional accomplishments.
Also, if we try to encourage the private sector to be more involved in the education industry, there is a likelihood that private investment in the education sector will soar, thereby saving the government a lot of money. And we can use the money saved to make teacher salaries more attractive. Currently, in basic education, the private sector's involvement is only 20 percent. I would like to see that figure rise to 50 percent.
The MOE aims to collaborate with universities to retrain 500,000 existing teachers within 2010. Is this feasible and will it achieve the desired results?
It is a good policy, but it is difficult to implement. It raises such questions as who will be the trainers, how will the training be carried out, how would the ministry ensure that the rewards are attractive, and will there be any research or pilot programmes to back up this project? We need to first find acceptable answers to these and other questions.
Teacher-trainers and university teachers are different. Trainers have to be capable of convincing their trainees to put the knowledge received into action, to inspire their trainees to improve their teaching styles and behaviours on their own throughout their teaching careers. Such persons are very rare, in my opinion.
The MOE may not understand this point fully. It thinks that university teachers, such as faculty members at education faculties, have the ability to train the new batches of teachers. The success of the policy will depend greatly on the existence of trainers who hold a trainer's licence and a quality training curriculum.
This curriculum cannot be a short course or mini-workshop.
In addition, even after the trainees have completed and passed the course, there must be follow-up assessments and on-the-job training for the successful trainees, as well as the teacher-trainers.
The ministry may achieve its goal of retraining the teachers, but this process, alone, is unlikely to change outmoded teaching habits that have been ingrained.
To achieve optimum results, how should teachers be retrained?
It is also important for school principals to spearhead changes. We have to motivate school principals and the director of each of the education service areas and develop them to perform the role of teacher-leaders, so that they can then become effective teacher-trainers and teacher supervisors.
The fundamental paradigm of teacher development has to be changed here in Thailand. We have to ask ourselves why _ despite having gone through several teacher-development policies _ the teaching behaviours of Thailand's educators are still far short of modern, student-centred goals.
Therefore, policymakers need to conduct in-depth investigations, not just have a couple of meetings and make quick and ineffectual decisions.
In your opinion, how can teachers become high-level professionals?
To attain a high-level teaching profession, prospective teachers must be guided and taught to think and act professionally. Hence, for education students, four years in a university is not enough. They need to spend at least six years. They also need the will to teach, and they must absorb good teaching practices, care for students, love the teaching profession, and always keep abreast of the changes and developments in their profession. If incoming teachers are not inspired to reach these objectives, they will never be able to inspire their student-teachers in turn.
We have to select suitable people to study education. Most of the education associations that are in existence at present need to focus on the quality of students, teachers, education and academic research. Thailand has a lot of associations, but most of them don't help to advance professional quality.
Would a more elaborate licensing scheme solve the problem?
Normally people who are engaged in high-level professions are required to be licensed. The scope of the licences that are issued by the Teachers' Council of Thailand is too general, too broad.
We have to issue specific licences for the different academic levels and various types of academic institutions. There should be a special licence for kindergarten teachers, another for Mathayom (secondary school) teachers, etc.
Should Thailand develop its own teaching methods like other countries?
Many people think that developing a profession can be done by merely training the teachers and the administrators.
While that part is essential, the most important task is to develop a body of knowledge that teachers can use, as well as to come up with solid theories on education reform, for example, how to train mathematics teachers to improve their teaching behaviours.
Currently, Thailand has no such body of knowledge. Each teacher is using his or her own skills and gifts to deliver lessons. At the moment, we do not contribute enough influence on the theoretical side of teacher education.

Summary

The quality of the teacher is the top problem in our country. Variable of the quality problem is the unbalance demand. If we look back to the main point we have more new graduated but not well trained. In other hand the teacher need high salary level and they teach in town. The salary level is also the problem the new graduated will not return to their home town if they well paid in town. Deep in content area knowledge will typically produce smaller learning gains in their student compare to more seasons experience and teaching skill will be more benefit.
Equal the teacher quality by give them the education, train and sent them back to their home town. Give the scholarships to the area where high need of the teacher, train their skills, give them the teaching technique and teaching experience. The last step is scans their attitude retrain them as possible as it can.

Reference

Book: The quality school teacher

Magazine: Education week

Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

www.bangkokpost.com